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Evolutionary history of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) and selection on flowering genes since its domestication.
Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Nov 22;
Authors: Clotault J, Thuillet AC, Buiron M, Mita SD, Couderc M, Haussmann BI, Mariac C, Vigouroux Y
Abstract
The plant domestication process is associated with considerable modifications of plant phenotype. The identification of the genetic basis of this adaptation is of great interest for evolutionary biology. One of the methods used to identify such genes is the detection of signatures of selection. However, domestication is generally associated with major demographic effects. It is therefore crucial to disentangle the effects of demography and selection on diversity. In this study, we investigated selection in a flowering time pathway during domestication of pearl millet. We first used a random set of 20 genes to model pearl millet domestication using approximate Bayesian computation. This analysis showed that a model with exponential growth and wild-cultivated gene flow was well supported by our dataset. Under this model, the domestication date of pearl millet is estimated at around 4,800 years ago. We assessed selection in 15 pearl millet DNA sequences homologous to flowering time genes and showed that these genes underwent selection more frequently than expected. We highlighted significant signatures of selection in six pearl millet flowering time genes associated with domestication or improvement of pearl millet. Moreover, higher deviations from neutrality were found for circadian-clock associated genes. Our study provides new insights into the domestication process of pearl millet and shows that a category of genes of the flowering pathway were preferentially selected during pearl millet domestication.
PMID: 22114357 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Ptilotus drummondii

Mundy Regional Park
Perth Hills
Western Australia

florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/browse/profile.php/2718
how doe this impact my state

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Proteomic analysis of berry-sizing effect of GA(3) on seedless Vitis vinifera L.
Proteomics. 2011 Nov 17;
Authors: Wang Z, Zhao F, Zhao X, Ge H, Chai L, Chen S, Perl A, Ma H
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) is widely used in the table grape and raisin industries to enlarge the berries of seedless varieties. However, the mechanism underlying its berry-sizing effect is poorly understood. In this study, clusters of Centennial Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) were treated with 30 ppm GA(3) on day 12 after flowering, and berries were sampled at development stages I, II and III for proteomic analysis. Among the 1,479 proteins detected on 2-DE maps, 19, 70 and 69 spots in stages I, II and III, respectively, showed an at least twofold difference in volume between treatments and controls. Of these, 125 proteins were successfully identified and assigned to eight functional groups, chief among them metabolism and energy, stress response, expression regulation and cytoskeleton proteins. Stress-response proteins were predominantly down-regulated in GA(3) -treated berries in stages I and II, and significantly up-regulated in stage III. Up-regulation of cytoskeleton, cell-wall modification and other important proteins was found in the two latter stages of berry development. Our proteomic results and subsequent validation revealed, for the first time, the role of redox homeostasis in GA(3) -induced berry enlargement and markedly remodeled cellular protein expression in treated berries.
PMID: 22095673 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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